- City Planning According to Artistic Principles. William Mitchell, MIT Design Lab.
- VISVESWARAIAH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM. Camillo Sitte -City Planning according to Artistic principles. Basic principles of planning of settlements.
- Urban Design in the Postmodern Context. Sitteās 'City Planning According to Artistic.
STUBBEN, PRACTICAL & AESTHETIC PLANNING PRINCIPLESPRACTICAL AND AESTHETIC PRINCIPLES. FOR THE LAYING OUT OF CITIES. F. The translated text by W. He was a Berlin- trained architect.
Aachen. from 1. 87. Cologne. During his career he was involved. Germany and abroad. In its. final state it included 9. The statement below is an attempt to summarize. The first way has been called the natural. This is a false. definition, for it does not answer the natural purpose to let the buildings.
It is more correct, therefore, to call the first method. We have here. to do only with the systematic or regulated laying out of cities. We are constrained. Moreover, aesthetic principles are. Practical Principles.
Buy City planning according to artistic principles (Columbia University studies in art history and archaeology). City planning according to artistic principles.
Traffic.- -The streets and squares of a city have first. The first of these traffic lines.
Their direction will be planned along neighboring. It forms, therefore, a net of radial lines or rays.
City Planning According to Artistic Principles (New York: Random House.
The radial streets. They divide. the city and suburbs into a series of sectors.
As the size of these sectors. They have in general a course like concentric circles. In extended ground plans. For obtaining proper building blocks a further division. These blocks are formed by using by streets. Thus the traffic lines between. From one extremity of the hypothenuse.
The insertion of. The diagonal streets are to lie so that they will practically. In the last instance occur. This is only necessary. It. is desirable that the streets should lie slightly above the general surface.
It should. be at least 1. A certain amount and kind of travel requires. To follow closely here the requisites of such a traffic- plan would. Yet often it is a. The Buildings.- -The meshes of the network of streets.
Their shape is rectangular, trapezoidal. The last form occurs especially along the diagonal streets.
The notion that. acute- angled blocks are to be generally avoided on account of the difficulty. The amount to be.
Instead of cutting away the corner. Generally. however, to accomplish this is neither necessary nor handsome.
The cutting. off of the obtuse angle of a block is only to be recommended in exceptional. Thus, oblique angled property.
If. the change of lines cannot be obtained by the voluntary agreement of all. Therefore the depth of. Whatever the normal depth of a lot, the depth of the block. In triangular or other blocks with diverging sides. The length. of the blocks may amount to about 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 times their depth. Property for rental and business houses which would.
Workmen's dwellings, finally. The. length can be increased to, say, 1. Care. is to be taken that blocks and parts of blocks be provided, suitable in. If it is not possible for the city of the. It is a mistake to refer the undertaking of such monumental and.
Many public buildings. All such claims are easily satisfied when laying out. Health.- - Under the supposition that the climatic conditions. If the site is not. It. is important that the ground- water surface be not found in, nor occasionally. If the ground- water rises too high, it is prejudicial to. In such cases before the soil upon a city plot is fit.
Here, however, as the city expands, the street gutters. Still, a gradual. As a. rule, the combined system of sewers has shown itself the best for all three. The combined provision of wholesome, faultless water is to be preferred. For the distribution. The east and west direction of streets is itself. But it has the disadvantage that upon the streets.
The practical view shows, however, in accordance with the scientific. Diagonal streets in such a street system have a very. Furthermore, it is feasible in. The restriction. as to height of buildings and number of stories, the sufficient regulation. It is possible to shape dwellings satisfactorily in. For such rooms an abundant provision for diffused light of.
This leads to the demand. Thus, it may be guaranteed that the diffused. But still this demand of not. It is our duty, in the design of city building plans and building. The electric light, on this account, is to be preferred. And, indeed, there is needed.
The aforesaid condition, that for the sake of light. For streets in the newer portions of a city this. But besides these most restricted. Open squares serve this end, which interrupt the system. These serve, at the same time, a fifth hygienic. For setting out trees.
The least width of a street. For planting a row of trees on a separate. Four or more rows of trees require still. Instead of. increasing the rows of trees it is often desirable to induce front yards. It is self- evident. Besides rows of trees and strips of grass.
The latter, with high walls, are especially. They come to be so by lessening street dust. The local circumstances and means are in this respect. As a minimum it may be estimated that at least one- tenth. The improvements outside the city. The carrying on of trades which through evaporations or noise.
As the fostering of beauty in all. The art of city- building. If, with the cultivation. At the same time, however, as well for the cultivated as for. The Perfecting of the Streets and Squares.- -The streets should.
Too great length of street wearies the eye, wearies the. The danger of this unpleasant. Should, however, a change of direction be. Gentle curves which conform to superficial outlines or to natural. It is not. necessary that the two sides of a thoroughfare should be always exactly. The bow- shaped avenue is preferable.
The reason of the unbeautiful. Passing. over a high point has to be accomplished by bending the street level in. The interruption. It affords to the street surface by day and. If the street surface cannot or should not. Rows of trees and. Artificial ornaments consist.
To the artistic sense. This change should relate to street widths, the widths. The wearisome and unhandsome uniformity under which so many. They should not be too large, nor bounded. All other squares need. The Relation of Streets and Squares to the Buildings.- -The.
The latter applies in an especial manner to monumental. Should the. latter be impracticable for the whole length of the street, the widening. Instead of setting back the building, the corresponding. In curved streets the. The axial and elevated. According to the aforementioned aesthetic. But these, too, lose their signification.
Also. a monument ought not to be of the kind to interrupt a line of traffic which. The monument. should rather occupy the effective street intersection at which a natural. The determination of squares as traffic. The erection follows so that. Here especially a distance equal to double the height is of.
The other parts of the square have then merely a nearly neutral. With monuments of great extent this arrangement, which. In this connection care should be taken to secure. These may occupy.
Another kind of arrangement is adapted to. It consists of a row of figures or monuments occupying. The. most careful weighing of proportions is here especially important, in order. High structures come. A space. of view of double the height is essential to comprehend the form of an. It does not require symmetry in a geometrical.
To every work can the just. It requires great. These often occur, too, in modern. Practical Principles.
The city traffic demands the laying out of radial, ring, diagonal. A mere rectangular.
The profile of. the streets should be the flattest possible, but drained, the embankments. Excavations are to be practically avoided. The width. and cross- section of streets should answer generously to the amount and. The blocks formed by the network of business streets are suitable. Sharp- angle corners are to be rounded off.
For reasons of health, the city ground must be free from over. For night lighting the. The plantations, consisting of rows of trees.
The elegant development of the streets requires the restriction. Convex shape of ground and excessive size of vacant levels. For obtaining an elegant proportion between the streets and. Choice of street- widths not narrower than the height of buildings. Arranging them in rows on the longitudinal axis is seldom. Reps, Professor Emeritus, Department of City.
Regional Planning, West Sibley Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New. York 1. 48. 53, USA. Tel: (6. 07) 2. 55- 5. Fax: (6. 07) 2. 55- 6.
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